© All Rights Reserved

© All Rights Reserved

Stunning birds, the colour they bring to a winter scene is unmistakable, that and you can hear a flock a mile away with their chirps and calls, almost a cacophony of chatter. I missed them at AP this year given the low number of finches so here is a shot from last year that I really enjoy. Something about that look screams attitude.

© All Rights Reserved

Buried horizon.—A genetic soil horizon that originally formed at or near the soil surface and is now covered by more recently deposited material. The major genetic features of the horizon were formed before burial. A buried horizon within a profile description is denoted with horizon symbol suffix “b” (e.g., Ab, Btb). The presence of one or more buried horizons does not automatically mean a buried soil is present for classification purposes. For a soil to be considered a buried soil, the technical criteria given in chapter 4 of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy must be met. See buried soil.

Figure 19.—A soil profile and landscape of a Fluvaquentic Endoaquept from Guangdong Province of China. This soil has buried diagnostic horizons starting at a depth of 80 cm (an ochric epipedon; Ab horizon and a gleyed cambic; 2Bg horizons). The soil formed in a single parent material. Note the “b” suffix is not used with non-pedogenic layers. See bisequum.

Tags:   Glossary of Soil Survey Terms environment Pedology soil Soil Science Soil Survey Soil taxonomy USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service USDA-NRCS U.S. Soil Taxonomy John A. Kelley Craig Ditzler Soil Correlation Buried horizon

© All Rights Reserved

Buried soil.—A soil profile having one or more genetic horizons that is covered with a surface mantle of new soil material 50 cm or more thick. In essence, two soils are present—a new soil in the mantle and an older soil below that formed before the mantle was deposited. Special rules are given in chapter 4 of the Keys to Soil Taxonomysurface mantle of new soil material. A surface mantle of new soil material is a layer of “naturally deposited mineral material” that is largely unaltered, at least in the lower part. Since human-transported material it is not “naturally deposited”, it does not meet the technical definition of a “mantle of new soil material” even though buried.

Figure 20.—Examples of buried soils.
Left photo (natural deposition): The Atiras series (mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ustipsamments) consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils that formed in sandy eolian deposits of Holocene age over loamy Quaternary alluvium. A buried soil starts at a depth of about 150 cm.
Right photo (human-transported material): An Anthroportic Udorthent formed by soil materials being deposited on an older Cecil soil (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults).

Tags:   Glossary of Soil Survey Terms environment Pedology soil Soil Science Soil Survey Soil taxonomy USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service USDA-NRCS U.S. Soil Taxonomy John A. Kelley Craig Ditzler Soil Correlation Buried soil Anthroportic Anthroportic Udorthent Anthroportic Udorthents

© All Rights Reserved