The architect of the Jugen building is my long-deceased great-grandfather. Built around 1900.
With the development of hydropower in southern Norway, the city gradually developed an industrial base, particularly with the establishment in 1910 of the nickel refinery Kristiansands Nikkelraffineringsverk AS (later Falconbridge Nikkelverk, now Glencore Nikkelverk). From an economic perspective, the First World War was a good time for Kristiansand, as a neutral shipping city. The crises that followed with the gold standard politics of the 1920s and the world economic crisis of the 1930s were also deeply felt in a trading city like Kristiansand.
The labour movement had important pioneers in the city, and Leon Trotsky spent about a year of his exile in the archipelago offshore from Kristiansand. Arnulf Øverland took him from Randesund to Ny-Hellesund in Søgne in 1936.[10] In the interwar period Kristiansand was a centre for intellectuals, especially after the architect Thilo Schoder settled there in 1932.
Kristiansand was attacked by German naval forces and the Luftwaffe during the Operation Weserübung on 9 April 1940. The naval forces met fierce resistance from Norwegian coastal artillery at Odderøya. Bombs and grenades also hit the downtown and the 70 meter high church tower of the Kristiansand Cathedral was hit by accident. The third attack attempt on the city succeeded because a signal flag was confused with a French national flag and the misunderstanding was not discovered until it was too late. The city was occupied by a force of 800 men.
Post-war construction included further development of the Lund section, and in the 1960s and 1970s Vågsbygd to the west was developed into a section with 20,000 inhabitants. In the 1980s, industry and business in the city declined, in part because of the 1986 fire at the Hotel Caledonien. But beginning in the second half of the 1990s, business increased in momentum with the development of enterprises for marine and offshore equipment, security technology and drilling. wikipedia
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Otterdalsparken is a park at Østre havn by Strandpromenaden in Kristiansand. The park covers a nine-acre area between Marken and Kirkegata. The park is popularly called "Nupenparken" after the artist Kjell Nupen who had the idea for a fountain sculpture in the park. The facility is partly financed with a gift from Falconbridge Nickel Works in connection with Kristiansand's 350th anniversary. The facility cost a total of NOK 7.3 million. The park was officially opened by King Harald V in 1991.
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Kristiansand, Norway
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Kristiansand Boardwalk (Norwegian: Strandpromenaden) is a street in the town centre Kvadraturen in Kristiansand, Norway.
The street is in most of its course closed to the passage of motor vehicles, but operates in the tourist season in connection with sightseeing.
From where the street Strandpromenaden ends in the eastern corner of the town centre, there is a continuing boardwalk upwards the river Otra. The boardwalk got the Nordic Green Space Award in 2013.
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Kristiansand, Norway
The Otra is the largest river in the Sørlandet region of Norway. It begins in Setesdalsheiene mountains at the lake Breidvatnet in Bykle municipality in Agder county, just south of the border with Vinje municipality in Telemark county.
The river then flows south through Bykle, Valle, Bygland, Evje og Hornnes, Iveland, Vennesla, and Kristiansand municipalities.
The river empties into the Skagerrak in the center of the city of Kristiansand on the southern coast of Norway.
The Otra is 245 kilometres (152 mi) long, making it Norway's eighth-longest river. There are many large lakes along the river including: Åraksfjorden, Byglandsfjorden, Hartevatnet, and Kilefjorden. There are 12 hydroelectric power plants built along the river, which produce much of the electricity for the southern part of Norway.
The salmon do well in the Otra river because the water is not too acidic. The calcareous rocks in the catchment area at the northern end of the Setesdal valley give the water a certain buffer capacity against acidification. wikipedia
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