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Hagia Sophia (lit. 'Holy Wisdom'; Turkish: Ayasofya; Ancient Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, romanized: Hagía Sophía; Latin: Sancta Sapientia), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Turkish: Ayasofya Camii), originally a Christian church, is a mosque and a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. The building was erected three times by the Eastern Roman Empire. The present Hagia Sophia is the third, built in 537 AD. It was an Orthodox church until the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, then a mosque until 1935, then a museum and then from 2020 a mosque again, as well as being a Roman Catholic cathedral for some decades after the Fourth Crusade of 1204.
The current structure was built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I as the Christian cathedral of Constantinople for the Byzantine Empire between 532 and 537, and was designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. It was formally called the Church of the Holy Wisdom (Greek: Ναὸς τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας, romanized: Naòs tês Hagías toû Theoû Sophías) and upon completion became the world's largest interior space and among the first to employ a fully pendentive dome. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have "changed the history of architecture". The present Justinianic building was the third church of the same name to occupy the site, as the prior one had been destroyed in the Nika riots. As the episcopal see of the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, it remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520. Beginning with subsequent Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia became the paradigmatic Orthodox church form, and its architectural style was emulated by Ottoman mosques a thousand years later. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world" and as an architectural and cultural icon of Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox civilization.

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Beylerbeyi Palace is a summer Ottoman palace in the Üsküdar district of Istanbul, Turkey. Beylerbeyi Palace, now used as a museum, is a palace complex consisting of a palace and various buildings and mansions attached to it. It takes its name from the Beylerbeyi neighborhood where it is located. It was built in 1863-1865 on the orders of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, under the architecture of Sarkis Balyan.

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Built by Emetullah Rabia Gulnus Sultan (1642-1715) ,who is mother of Sultan Mustafa II and Sultan Ahmed III during 1706-1711 by Architecture Mehmed Aga from Kayseri.

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