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The Frederick Fillmore French Building
architects: H. Douglas Ives, the French Company, 1927
ornamental design program: John Sloan, Sloan & Robertson
architectural style: Astylar, Art Deco, Babylonian-Mesopotamian revival, skyscraper
Grand Central Business District, Manhattan
551 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York
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"From the beginnings of architecture down through the Roman, Romanesque and Gothic periods the use for which buildings were intended was expressed by symbols, and so in the French Building we have endeavored in the panels of the top of the tower to express not only the purpose for which the building is to be used, commerce, but the character and activities of our own organization, the Fred F. French Companies. The central motif of the large panels on the north and south sides is a rising sun, progress, flanked on either side by two winged griffins, integrity and watchfulness. At either end are two beehives with golden bees, the symbols of thrift and industry. The panels on the east and west sides contain heads of Mercury, the messenger, spreading the message of the French plan."
- architects H. Douglas Ives describes the building:
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"inspired by the Ishtar Gate, the [entrance] decorative program was a most literal evocation of Manhattan as the New Babylon, of the skyscraper as Nebuchadnezzar's hanging garden in the desert."
-New York 1930 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars, Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins
Tags: Frederick Fillmore French Building French Building architecture H Douglas Ives French Company decorative ornamental design John Sloan Sloan & Robertson Art Deco Babylonian Mesopotamian Persian Zoroastrianism Business District Fifth Avenue New York City NRHP bronze allegorical magic wings deity goddess mythology ancient antiquity interior door building gold color wall relief carving sculpture art history Latitia felicity abundance symbol prosperity serpent snake staff caduceus cornucopia elevator Manhattan New York NYC
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Spirit of Industry
sculptor: Carl Augustus Heber, 1909-14
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The Manhattan Bridge (Manhattan side)
bridge designer: Leon Solomon Moisseiff
bridge constructed by: Othniel Foster Nichols, 1901-12
bridge opened: December 31, 1909
arch & colonnade designer: firm of Carrère and Hastings,
arch & colonnade constructed: 1910-15
The Manhattan suspension bridge crosses the East River, connecting Lower Manhattan and Brooklyn.
Bowery neighborhood, Lower Manhattan
New York, New York
Tags: Manhattan Bridge Spirit of Industry pylon statue sculptural group Carl Augustus Heber Carrère and Hastings suspension bridge East River Lower Manhattan The Bowery Chinatown New York City City Beautiful movement Canal Street NY Manhattan urban city street landmark monument memorial neoclassical architecture Greek Roman detail god face deity allegory mythology design geometry stone granite relief carving sculpture art history bridge NYC caduceus Hermes Mercury
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Spirit of Commerce
sculptor: Carl Augustus Heber, 1909-14
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The Manhattan Bridge (Manhattan side)
bridge designer: Leon Solomon Moisseiff
bridge constructed by: Othniel Foster Nichols, 1901-12
bridge opened: December 31, 1909
arch & colonnade designer: firm of Carrère and Hastings,
arch & colonnade constructed: 1910-15
The Manhattan suspension bridge crosses the East River, connecting Lower Manhattan and Brooklyn.
The Bowery neighborhood, Manhattan
New York City, NY
Tags: Manhattan Bridge Spirit of Commerce pylon sculptural group Carl Augustus Heber bridge suspension bridge East River Lower Manhattan The Bowery New York City NY NYC City Beautiful movement neoclassical Greek Roman detail diety deity allegory mythology design sculpture statue art history winged caduceus Mercury Hermes
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Spirit of Commerce
sculptor: Carl Augustus Heber, 1909-14
The Manhattan Bridge (Manhattan side)
bridge architect: Leon Solomon Moisseiff
bridge constructed by: Othniel Foster Nichols, 1901-12
arch & colonnade architect: firm of Carrère and Hastings, 1910-15
Lower Manhattan
Two Bridges - The Bowery
New York, NY
Tags: Manhattan Bridge Spirit of Commerce pylon Carl Augustus Heber suspension bridge East River Lower Manhattan Brooklyn The Bowery New York City NY City Beautiful movement New York City landmark neoclassical architecture Greek Roman history allegory mythology esoteric sacred divine design geometry Manhattan spirit commerce granite relief statue staff serpents snake wings caduceus Hermes Mercury art New York landmark sculpture bridge NYC
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Alexander Macomb House
also known as: New York Second Presidential Mansion, Mansion House Hotel, Bunker's Mansion House Hotel
built by: Alexander Macomb, 1786-88
occupied by George Washington, February - August 1790.
Bowling Green, Manhattan, Financial District
39-41 Broadway
New York, New York
Tags: Alexander Macomb House New York Second Presidential Mansion Mansion House Hotel Bunker's Mansion House Hotel Alexander Macomb Bowling Green Manhattan 39-41 Broadway Avenue New York City NY architectural photography Neoclassical architect Financial District building architecture Revival Neoclassical sculptures symbol bas-relief relief sculpture NYC cornucopia H caduceus
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