Dubrovnik (Croatia).
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ENGLISH
The Walls of Dubrovnik are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected citizens of the afterward proclaimed maritime city-state of Dubrovnik (Ragusa), situated in southern Croatia, since the city's founding prior to the 7th century as a Byzantium castrum on a rocky island named Laus (Ragusia or Lave). With numerous additions and modifications throughout their history, they have been considered to be amongst the great fortification systems of the Middle Ages, as they were never breached by hostile army during this time period. In 1979, the old city of Dubrovnik, which includes a substantial portion of the old walls of Dubrovnik, joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The oldest systems of fortifications around the town were likely wooden palisades. Today's intact city walls, constructed mainly during the 12th–17th centuries, mostly a double line, have long been a source of pride for Dubrovnik. The walls run an uninterrupted course of approximately 1,940 metres (6,360 ft) in length, encircling most of the old city, and reach a maximum height of about 25 metres (82 ft). The bulk of the existing walls and fortifications were constructed during the 14th and 15th centuries, but were continually extended and strengthened up until the 17th century.
This complex structure, amongst the largest and most complete in Europe, protected the freedom and safety of a "civilised" and "sophisticated" republic that flourished in peace and prosperity for five centuries. Walls were reinforced by three circular and 14 quadrangular towers, five bastions (bulwarks), two angular fortifications and the large St. John's Fortress. Land Walls were additionally reinforced by one larger and nine smaller semicircular bastions, and the casemate Fort Bokar, the oldest preserved fort of that kind in Europe. The moat that ran around the outside section of the city walls which were armed by more than 120 cannons, made superb city defense.
More info:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walls_of_Dubrovnik
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CASTELLANO
Las Murallas de Dubrovnik (Croacia) son una construcción monumental hecha entre los siglos XIII y XVI, de más de dos kilómetres de longitud y veinticinco metros de altura, que rodean la ciudad vieja, antes Ragusa, y la protegieron durante su periodo de independencia de los ataques exteriores. Dispone de 16 torres, las principales de las cuales son la Torre Minceta en el punto más alto, la torre Bokar en el flanco izquierdo del lado de mar, la de Sveti Ivan (San Juan) en el flanco derecho (e izquierdo del puerto), y la de Sveti Luka (Sant Lluc) en el flanco derecho del puerto. Se complementa con dos fortalezas separadas: Lovrijenac, en el flanco izquierdo por el lado de mar, separada de las murallas por una cala, y la de Revelin, protegiendo la entrada por Ploce.
Fuente (en catalán):
ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralles_de_Dubrovnik
