Paris (France).
The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a World's Fair held in Paris, France from May 6, to October 31, 1889.
It was held during the year of the 100th anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, an event traditionally considered as the symbol for the beginning of the French Revolution.
The main symbol of the Fair was the Eiffel Tower, which was completed in 1889, and served as the entrance arch to the Fair. A "Negro village" (village nègre) where 400 indigenous people were displayed constituted the major attraction.
The Exposition covered a total area of 0.96 km², including the Champs de Mars, the Trocadéro, the quai d'Orsay, a part of the Seine and the Invalides esplanade.
The Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour Eiffel, /tuʀ ɛfɛl/) is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the River Seine in Paris, France. It is the tallest structure in Paris and possibly the most recognized monument in the world. Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, it is the most visited monument in the world; 6,428,441 people visited the tower in 2005 and more than 200,000,000 since its construction. Including the 24 m (78.7 ft) antenna, the structure is 324 m (1063 ft) high (since 2000), which is about 81 stories. In 1902, it was struck by lightning, which meant that 100 metres of the top had to be reconstructed and the lights illuminating the tower had to be replaced, as they were damaged by the high energy of the lightning.
This shot was taken with a cheap digital camera with fixed focus, and it looks too dark, blurred and noisy. Then I has been aged it with PaintShop Pro Platinotype effect.
Platinotype is a monochrome photographic printing process, based on the light-sensitivity of ferric oxalate.
Ferric oxalate is reduced to ferrous oxalate by light. The ferrous oxalate then reacts with platinum (II) (or palladium II) reducing it to basic platinum, which builds up the image.
William Willis discovered the process in 1873 and the first platinum paper reached the market in 1881, produced by the Platinotype Company, a firm founded by Willis in 1879.
When Willis invented the process, platinum was relatively cheap, but it quickly became more costly starting in 1906. In 1907 platinum had become 52 times more expensive than silver. Eastman Kodak and most other producers stopped fabrication of the paper in 1916. Russia controlled 90% of the world platinum supply in World War I and all available platinum was used in the war effort.
Due to the shortage of commercial paper and high cost, photographers experimented with palladium paper and platinum-palladium mixes. Platinum paper has continued in use until the present, interrupted only by the world wars.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1889), en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinotype.
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Paris (France).
South rose window of Notre-Dame de Paris, that depicts the "Triumph of Christ" along with scenes from the New Testament, and is a complete replica of the original.
The Notre Dame de Paris stands on the site of Paris' first Christian church, Saint-Étiennen Basilica, which was itself built on the site of a Gallo-Roman temple to Jupiter. Notre Dame's first version was a "magnificent church" built by Childebert I, the king of the Franks in 528, and was already the cathedral of the city of Paris in the 10th century. It constitutes the style of Gothic Architecture.
In 1160, having become the "parish church of the kings of Europe", Bishop Maurice de Sully deemed the current Parisian cathedral unworthy of its lofty role, and had it demolished shortly after he assumed the title of Bishop of Paris. According to legend, de Sully had a vision of a glorious new cathedral for Paris, and sketched it in the dirt outside of the original church. To begin the construction, the bishop had several houses demolished and had a new road built in order to transport materials for the new church.
Construction began in 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, and opinion differs as to whether Bishop Maurice de Sully or Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone of the cathedral. However, both were at the ceremony in question. Bishop de Sully went on to devote most of his life and wealth to the cathedral's construction.
Construction of the west front, with its distinctive two towers, began circa 1200, before the nave had been completed. Over the construction period, numerous architects worked on the site, as is evidenced by the differing styles at different heights of the west front and towers. Between 1210 and 1220, the fourth architect oversaw the construction of the level with the rose window and the great halls beneath the towers. The towers were completed around 1245, and the cathedral was completed around 1345.
This shot has been aged with PaintShop Pro Autochrome Lumière effect.
The Autochrome Lumière is an early colour photography process. Patented in 1903 by the Lumière brothers in France, and marketed in 1907 it remained the principal color photography process available on the market until 1935.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autochrome.
Have a nice weekend!
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Chaumont-sur-Loire, Loir-et-Cher (France).
The Château de Chaumont was the first château at Chaumont-sur-Loire, Loir-et-Cher, France. It was built by Eudes II, Count of Blois, in the 10th century with the purpose of serving as a fortress to protect the Blois from attacks.
The castle was burned to the ground in 1465 per Louis XI's orders and was later rebuilt by Charles I d'Amboise from 1465-1475 and then finished by his son, Charles II d'Amboise de Chaumont from 1498-1510, with help from his uncle, Georges d'Amboise.
Château Chaumont was later purchased by Catherine de Medici in 1560, a year after her late husband Henry II's death. She entertained numerous astrologers there, among them Nostradamus. After a short while, she forced Diane de Poitiers, Henry II's long-term mistress, to exchange Château de Chenonceau for Château de Chaumont. Diane de Poitiers only lived there for a short while.
In 1750, Jacques-Donatien Le Ray purchased the Castle as a country home where he established a glassmaking and pottery factory. He was considered the French "Father of the American Revolution" because he loved America. Benjamin Franklin was at some point a guest at the Castle. However, in 1789, the New French Revolutionary Government seized Le Ray's assets, including his beloved Chateau de Chaumont.
Madame de Stael later acquired the Castle in 1810 and then Marie-Charlotte Say, heiress to the Say Sugar Fortune, acquired Chaumont in 1875. Later that year, she married the Prince of Broglie, who owned the Castle until 1938 because of his wife, when the government took over the ownership of the Castle.
Château de Chaumont is currently a museum and every year they host a Garden Festival from June to October where contemporary garden designers display their work in an English-style garden.
To age it with PaintShop Pro, I have added gaussian noise and later I have applied a Daguerreotype effect.
The daguerreotype is an early type of photograph in which the image is exposed directly onto a mirror-polished surface of silver bearing a coating of silver halide particles deposited by iodine vapor. In later developments bromine and chlorine vapors were also used, resulting in shorter exposure times. Unlike later photographic processes that supplanted it, the daguerreotype is a direct positive image-making process with no "negative" original.
While the daguerreotype was not the first photographic process to be invented, earlier processes required hours for successful exposure, making daguerreotype the first commercially viable photographic process and the first to permanently record and fix an image with exposure time compatible with portrait photography.
The daguerreotype is named after one of its inventors, French artist and chemist Louis J.M. Daguerre, who announced its perfection in 1839 after years of research and collaboration with Joseph Nicephore Niepce, applying and extending a discovery by Johann Heinrich Schultz (1724): a silver and chalk mixture darkens when exposed to light. The French Academy of Sciences announced the daguerreotype process on January 9 of that year.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%c3%a2teau_de_Chaumont and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daguerreotype.
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Querabs, Ripollès, Girona (Spain).
Queralbs is a municipality in the comarca of the Ripollès in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the Pyrenees to the north of Ribes de Freser, with the peaks of Puigmal (2909 m), Infern (2896 m) and Noufonts (2864 m). Tourism and hydroelectric generation are the bases of the local economy. The shrine of Núria is situated in the municipality, to the north of the village: it houses a romanesque marial image of la Mare de Déu de Núria. The shrine is reached by a rack railway from Ribes de Freser, which also serves the village. There is also a local road to Ribes de Freser (7 km, 4 miles), which serves the ski resort.
The first historical mention of Queralbs is in the consecration act of the church of the Urgell Diocese in 836--thus the town's motto, poble mil·lenari (millenial town)--and its Romanesque church, dedicated to Saint James, dates to the late tenth century.
This shot has been ortonized and later aged with PaintShop Pro Platinotype effect.
Platinotype is a monochrome photographic printing process, based on the light-sensitivity of ferric oxalate.
Ferric oxalate is reduced to ferrous oxalate by light. The ferrous oxalate then reacts with platinum (II) (or palladium II) reducing it to basic platinum, which builds up the image.
William Willis discovered the process in 1873 and the first platinum paper reached the market in 1881, produced by the Platinotype Company, a firm founded by Willis in 1879.
When Willis invented the process, platinum was relatively cheap, but it quickly became more costly starting in 1906. In 1907 platinum had become 52 times more expensive than silver. Eastman Kodak and most other producers stopped fabrication of the paper in 1916. Russia controlled 90% of the world platinum supply in World War I and all available platinum was used in the war effort.
Due to the shortage of commercial paper and high cost, photographers experimented with palladium paper and platinum-palladium mixes. Platinum paper has continued in use until the present, interrupted only by the world wars.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queralbs and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinotype.
It was #374 in Explore on Mar 9, 2007.
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Camprodon, Ripollès, Girona (Spain).
Camprodon (height 988 m., population 2,308 in 1996) is a town in the comarca of Ripollès in Catalonia, Spain, on the Pyrenees near the French border. It is the birthplace of the musician Isaac Albéniz, and has a museum dedicated to him.
The town has its origin in the Monastery of San Pedro (Sant Pere) and in the market granted by Ramon Berenguer III in 1118. Camprodon reached the rank of in real town and head of "veguería" of Camprodon towards year 1252, and it was under the jurisdiction of the abbot, but of the 1286 until 1301, it belonged to viscount of Castellnou. Luis XI of France sacked and set afire Camprodon in 1470 during the war against Juan II. Also it was sacked during the war of the Harvesters (1654-1658). And again it was taken by the French (the Duke of Noailles) in 1689 in the wars of Carlos II against Luis XIV. To the being reconquered by the Duke of Villahermosa del Río, this it made fly the castle that had spoiled the French. Also during the Great War, in 1794, French general Dagobert, it took it and it set afire it. Camprodon also suffered much during the first and third carlistas wars in the century XIX. Already in century XX, Camprodon initiated a remarkable economic and social recovery, that it derived in a greater stability, in spite of recess like the Civil War, and also thanks, partly, to the immigration big wave.
This shot has been aged with PaintShop Pro Autochrome Lumière effect.
The Autochrome Lumière is an early colour photography process. Patented in 1903 by the Lumière brothers in France, and marketed in 1907 it remained the principal color photography process available on the market until 1935.
Sources: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camprodon and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autochrome.
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